[1][2][3][4][5], Biologists are able to study life at multiple levels of organization,[1] from the molecular biology of a cell to the anatomy and physiology of plants and animals, and evolution of populations. [31] With the exception of water, nearly all the molecules that make up each organism contain carbon. Members of the Society will receive a discount on Biological Research's article-processing charge when they provide a discount code (which members can obtain by emailing the Society) during the submission process. 2022 He majored in Medical Genetics at The John Hopkins University (USA) and The Ren Descartes University of Paris (France), and held a post doctorate position in Cell Biology and Genetics at the Rockefeller University (USA). Medicine was especially well studied by Islamic scholars working in Greek philosopher traditions, while natural history drew heavily on Aristotelian thought. Individual articles provide a broad exploration of our current knowledge of response to stressors, with a special emphasis on metal metabolism and toxic compounds. Unlike the processes of mitosis and meiosis in eukaryotes, binary fission takes in prokaryotes takes place without the formation of a spindle apparatus on the cell. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. During recovery, when oxygen becomes available, NAD+ attaches to hydrogen from lactate to form ATP. Prokaryotes (i.e., archaea and bacteria) can also undergo cell division (or binary fission). [31] Water has the capacity to absorb energy, giving it a higher specific heat capacity than other solvents such as ethanol. [66] They can arise spontaneously as a result of replication errors that were not corrected by proofreading or can be induced by an environmental mutagen such as a chemical (e.g., nitrous acid, benzopyrene) or radiation (e.g., x-ray, gamma ray, ultraviolet radiation, particles emitted by unstable isotopes). Biological clocks of people and malaria parasites tick in tune Authors who wish to appeal a rejection or make a complaint should follow the procedure outlined in the BMC Editorial Policies. The feelings represent how you feel about your experience today. Computational biology refers to the use of data analysis, mathematical modeling and computational simulations to understand biological systems and relationships. Biological Research operates using a single-blind peer-review system, where the reviewers are aware of the names and affiliations of the authors, but the reviewer reports provided to authors are anonymous. Theres no way to know for sure which basic science projects will lead to major scientific advances. Life arose from the Earth's first ocean, which formed some 3.8 billion years ago. Areas of Research For over 50 years, we have played a central role in the growth of molecular life sciences and the revolution in molecular and cellular biology, genetics, genomics, and computational biology. Examples include: Sometimes, basic science has unexpected applications, and the knowledge gained is used in fields outside of health and medicinefor example, in making food and household products, and for improvements in paternity testing and criminal forensics. All articles published in Biological Research are included in: The full text of all articles is deposited in digital archives around the world to guarantee long-term digital preservation. [31] As a molecule, water is not completely stable as each water molecule continuously dissociates into hydrogen and hydroxyl ions before reforming into a water molecule again. Among the most important toolkit genes are the Hox genes. [57] Mitosis is part of the cell cycle, in which replicated chromosomes are separated into two new nuclei. Advances in medicine, agriculture, biotechnology, and many other areas of biology have brought improvements in the quality of life. Biological Research | Home page - BioMed Central Differences in deployment of toolkit genes affect the body plan and the number, identity, and pattern of body parts. Water is important to life because it is an effective solvent, capable of dissolving solutes such as sodium and chloride ions or other small molecules to form an aqueous solution. [31] Water is denser as a liquid than it is as a solid (or ice). A contribution to the nature of DNA, RNA, and the genetic code. The underlying mechanism of Parkinsons disease are still unidentified, but excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation are considered key actors. Your US state privacy rights, Those broadly based levelsmolecules, cells, whole organisms, and populationsmay be further subdivided for study, giving rise to specializations such as morphology, taxonomy, biophysics, biochemistry, genetics, epigenetics, and ecology. Another major theme is evolution, which explains the unity and diversity of life. [84] Given that traits are inherited, populations contain a varied mix of traits, and reproduction is able to increase any population, Darwin argued that in the natural world, it was nature that played the role of humans in selecting for specific traits. Biological Research is an open access, peer-reviewed journal that encompasses diverse fields of experimental biology, such as biochemistry, bioinformatics, biotechnology, cell biology, cancer, chemical biology, developmental biology, evolutionary biology, genetics, genomics, immunology, marine biology, microbiology, molecular biology, neuroscien. Research Biologist Education Requirements & Skills - Learn.org Further information about open access can be found here. [47] Light absorption is the initial step of photosynthesis whereby light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll pigments attached to proteins in the thylakoid membranes. An image of a cartoon face with a neutral expression. (2013) Essential Developmental Biology. Microbial production of food and cosmetics is a promising technology with which to obtain sustainable and environmentally friendly compounds. Main research fields are indicated here, as links to groups of faculty doing research in those areas. Oxidative phosphorylation comprises the electron transport chain, which is a series of four protein complexes that transfer electrons from one complex to another, thereby releasing energy from NADH and FADH2 that is coupled to the pumping of protons (hydrogen ions) across the inner mitochondrial membrane (chemiosmosis), which generates a proton motive force. Some may be highlighted on Biological Researchs pages and on the BMChomepage. Tansley (1934); Molles (1999), p. 482; Chapin, "Self-organization and entropy reduction in a living cell", "Aquarena Wetlands Project glossary of terms", "How Did Life Become Complex, And Could It Happen Beyond Earth? To do this, scientists use specialized molecules to snip out a specific gene from a long strand of DNA and stick it into bacterial or yeast cells. [23] The British naturalist Charles Darwin, combining the biogeographical approach of Humboldt, the uniformitarian geology of Lyell, Malthus's writings on population growth, and his own morphological expertise and extensive natural observations, forged a more successful evolutionary theory based on natural selection; similar reasoning and evidence led Alfred Russel Wallace to independently reach the same conclusions. Molecular biology is the branch of biology that seeks to understand the molecular basis of biological activity in and between cells, including molecular synthesis, modification, mechanisms, and interactions. Other types of receptors include protein kinase receptors (e.g., receptor for the hormone insulin) and G protein-coupled receptors. More recently his research has centered on studying the role of peroxisomes in Alzheimers disease, and he also works in the field of bioethics. Areas of Research - MIT Department of Biology The age of those who are distressed because of a mismatch between their biological sex and their gender identityknown as gender dysphoriahas been steadily falling, reveals research published . Gecko toe hairs. The Chilean Biology Society (Sociedad de Biologa de Chile), previously the Biological Society of Santiago, was founded in late 1928 as a subsidiary of The Societ de Biologie of Paris, France. Pinterest 55:28. [24][25], The basis for modern genetics began with the work of Gregor Mendel in 1865. In the human microbiome, they are important in the gut, mouth, and on the skin. Program descriptions follow below. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. [108], Ediacara biota appear during the Ediacaran period,[109] while vertebrates, along with most other modern phyla originated about 525 million years ago during the Cambrian explosion. Cell theory states that cells are the fundamental units of life, that all living things are composed of one or more cells, and that all cells arise from preexisting cells through cell division. The Society also publishes Revista Chilena de Historia Natural (Chilean Journal of Natural History, founded in 1897). Biological Research's open access policy allows maximum visibility of articles published in the journal as they are available to a wide, global audience. The simplest form of an organic molecule is the hydrocarbon, which is a large family of organic compounds that are composed of hydrogen atoms bonded to a chain of carbon atoms. Biopsychology is a branch of psychology that analyzes how the brain, neurotransmitters, and other aspects of our biology influence our behaviors, thoughts, and feelings. Scientists Completely Define the Process of Methylation - SciTechDaily Biology is subdivided into separate branches for convenience of study, though all the subdivisions are interrelated by basic principles. Terms and Conditions, Biological genesis: the first step from dead matter to life. A AI for biology will be the cross-cutting technology that will enhance our ability to do biological research at every scale. Archaea reproduce asexually by binary fission, fragmentation, or budding; unlike bacteria, no known species of Archaea form endospores. Circadian Rhythms: Definition and Signs of Disruption - Verywell Health
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