8 Emerging evidence suggests that commonly prescribed medications can also cause weight gain (i.e., obesogenic medications) and may contribute to the obesity epidemic. PMID: 21211165 Abstract Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2008. Dwight W. Lewis declares that they have no conflict of interest, Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent. 2011 May;12(5):e95-e106. BMC Public Health. Leal C, Bean K, Thomas F, Chaix B. Associations between socioeconomic status and white matter microstructure in children: indirect effects via obesity and cognition. Fontaine KR, Robertson HT, Holst C, Desmond R, Stunkard AJ, Srensen TIA, et al. Examining School and Neighborhood Effects of Socioeconomic Status on Childhood Obesity in the U.S. How Socioeconomic Disadvantages Get Under the Skin and into the Brain to Influence Health Development Across the Lifespan. Keywords: Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. COVID-19 related food insecurity puts more Americans at risk for obesity or worsening obesity. Lancet Reg Health Am. 12(10): p. 1622-1632. One of us (DBA) first met Dr. Stunkard circa 1989 when I was a graduate student and Dr. Stunkard was already a renowned senior professor at the pinnacle of our field. Fekih-Romdhane F, He J, Malaeb D, Dabbous M, Hallit R, Obeid S, Hallit S. J Eat Disord. Introduction. Second, he had an infectious enthusiasm, becoming visibly pumped up as a scientific discussion took off. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Stunkard was among the first to identity that the association between SES and obesity was more consistent among females than males; in fact, among men in developed countries, Stunkard observed that the relationship between SES and obesity was as likely to be negative as it was positive (27). R01 DK 63383/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. A review of 144 published studies of the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and obesity reveals a strong inverse relationship among women in developed societies. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. James SA, Van Hoewyk J, Belli RF, Strogatz DS, Williams DR, Raghunathan TE. In an English birth cohort, both men and women who experienced upward social mobility relative to their father's social class had a lower prevalence of obesity compared to those who remained in their father's social class (44). Obesity is related to some of the leading causes of death, including heart disease, some cancers, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. Among 12,133 eligible participants, utilization of anti-obesity medications was very low overall (0.5%) and within all SES groups (low 0.27%, intermediate 0.71, and high 0.65%). Online ahead of print. PDF Socioeconomic Status and Other Factors Associated with Childhood Obesity Ng M, Fleming T, Robinson M, Thomson B, Graetz N, Margono C, et al. Cohen & Rai et al. SSS is itself predicted by objective indicators of SES, including employment grade, education, and household income, suggesting that SSS may be a mediator between objective social conditions and health outcomes (36). . Obesogenic and leptogenic medication utilization in people with obesity: Is there a prescription for improvement? Salari-Moghaddam A, Hajihashemi P, Basirat R, Mousavi SM, Salehi-Abargouie A, Larijani B, Esmaillzadeh A. ARYA Atheroscler. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies The Impact of Obesity on Wages. Obesity and Socioeconomic Status in Adults: United States, 2005-2008 NCHS Data Brief No. Am J Clin Nutr. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2010.00769.x. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Background: Childhood obesity in the United States is a critical public health issue. 227K, Ryals Public Health Building, Room 227K, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Boulevard, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, ude.bau@alevap, Phone: (205)-934-9325, The University of Alabama School of Medicine (Tuscaloosa Regional Campus), 850 5th Ave East; Tuscaloosa, AL 35401, ude.au.shcc@060siwel, Departments of Medicine (Division of Gerontology, Geriatrics, and Palliative Care; Section of Social and Behavioral Sciences) and Health Care Organization and Policy, 1530 3rd Avenue South; CH19-Room 218F; Birmingham, Alabama 35294-2041, Phone: 205.934.7542, Fax: 205.975.5870, ude.bau@rehcoLJ, Nutrition Obesity Research Center, Ryals Public Health Building, Room 140J, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Boulevard, Birmingham, Alabama 35294. government site. Profenno LA, Porsteinsson AP, Faraone SV. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. A total of 4092 women aged 18-23 years . A review of 144 published studies of the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and obesity reveals a strong inverse relationship among women in developed societies. . Bookshelf Indeed, contemporary research has extended Stunkard's early research by examining the SES-obesity relationship between racial and ethnic groups. National Library of Medicine The .gov means its official. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Educational outcomes associated with childhood obesity in the United States: Cross-sectional results from the 2011-2012 National Survey of . Neighborhoods, Obesity, and Diabetes A Randomized Social Experiment. The State of Obesity 2020: Better Policies for a Healthier America The U.S. adult obesity rate tops 40 percent; highest ever recorded. Dr. Jung-Im Shin received funding from Merck, outside of the submitted work. (PDF) Socioeconomic Status and Obesity in the United States: A Micro government site. Products - Data Briefs - Number 50 - December 2010 1 This increase in obesity has led to an increase in co-morbidities such as hyperlipidemia, 2, 3 high blood . Mickey's generosity with young scholars is legendary and I was but one of many beneficiaries. Socioeconomic status and obesity. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Authors Beini Lyu 1 , Alex R Chang 2 , Lesley A Inker 3 , Elizabeth Selvin 1 4 , Morgan E Grams 1 4 5 6 , Jung-Im Shin 1 5 6 Affiliations Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980 2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. *The model adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, number of prescription medications, diabetes, depression, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and arthritis. Overweight and obesity in the United States: Prevalence and trends, 1960-1994. International Journal of Obesity . Gillespie R, DeWitt E, Slone S, Cardarelli K, Gustafson A. Int J Environ Res Public Health. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2018 Sep. Report No. 2006 Oct;84(4):707-16. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/84.4.707. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error, Predicted probability of obesity by neighborhood SES and household SES from adjusted log-binomial regression models. Stunkard AJ, Berkowitz R, Tanrikut C, Reiss E, Young L. d-fenfluramine treatment of binge eating disorder. Although the extant literature documented a higher prevalence of obesity among minorities than in whites, our results presented a lower socioeconomic inequality in obesity within minority groups. 2019 Sep;15(5):211-217. doi: 10.22122/arya.v15i5.1640. FOIA Are Associations Between Neighborhood Socioeconomic Characteristics and Body Mass Index or Waist Circumference Based on Model Extrapolations? This review of the obesity epidemic provides a comprehensive description of the current situation, time trends, and disparities across gender, age, socioeconomic status, racial/ethnic groups, and geographic regions in the United States based on national data. Stunkard contributed, and often led the way, in research on the psychology, biology, and sociology of obesity. Methods: 2005 Feb;6(1):11-2. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-789X.2005.00164.x. Epub 2018 May 9. Childhood overweight and obesity; Economics determinants of obesity; Household socioeconomic status; Neighborhood poverty; Neighborhood socioeconomic status. Allison DB, Kalinsky LB, Gorman BS. Results indicated that, despite the adoption datasets differing in many ways, shared genetic factors and direct environmental causation contribute about equally to the association between the SES of the rearing environment and offspring BMI. Behavioral and Pharmacotherapy Weight Loss Interventions to Prevent Obesity-Related Morbidity and Mortality in Adults: An Updated Systematic Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force [Internet]. Funding: and transmitted securely. Assistant Director, Colorado University Population Center, Children, Youth, and Families To examine the association between motherhood status (mothers, voluntarily childless, involuntarily childless) and overweight and obesity over 22 years. In a perfect world, one could randomly assign individuals to varying levels of SES status and measure differences in weight outcomes by treatment assignment group. Socioeconomic status and use of obesogenic and anti-obesity medications in the United States: A population-based study Epub 2022 Apr 2. Income and Poverty in the United States: 2020 Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error, Mean (95% confidence interval) body mass index (BMI) by socioeconomic status, NHANES 2009-2018. This study introduces the concentration index (CI) to assess socioeconomic inequality in the distribution of obesity among American adults aged 18-60 years old. Leisure Activities, Cultural Tastes, and Body Weight in Comparative Perspective,, Melissa Scharoun-Lee et al., Intergenerational Profiles of Socioeconomic (Dis)Advantage and Obesity During the Transition to Adulthood,. Braveman PA, Cubbin C, Egerter S, Williams DR, Pamuk E. Socioeconomic Disparities in Health in the United States: What the Patterns Tell Us. Before Soc Sci Med. Abdullah A, Peeters A, de Courten M, Stoelwinder J. Economics and Obesity: Causes and Solutions - Federal Reserve Bank of Socioeconomic status, BMI, and brain development in children Critical periods in childhood for the development of obesity. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Originally published in Ogden et al. Prevalence (95% confidence interval) of anti-obesity use among US adults who were eligible for treatment by (a) composite SES, (b) education, (c) household income, and (d) type of health insurance, NHANES 2009-2018. During the same time, the prevalence of severe obesity increased from 4.7% to 9.2%. 1):100-115. doi: 10.7705/biomedica.6396. 2010;1982(71):584591. For children in the lowest tertile of neighborhood SES, prevalence of obesity was not statistically significantly different comparing children with low, middle or high household SES (Predicted probability (PP)lowest 0.20 (95% CI: 0.17, 0.23), PPmiddle 0.21 (95%CI: 0.18, 0.24), PPhighest 0.16 (95%CI: 0.12, 0.20)). Vazquez CE, McBride MJ, Hess KE, Cubbin C, Bearman SK, Calzada EJ. McLaren (2007) and Cohen (2013), in their consideration of the cultural and economic context in which SES may influence weight outcomes, directly trace their research back to Stunkard. The Body-Mass Index of Twins Who Have Been Reared Apart. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the : 18-05239-EF-1. Use of obesogenic medications was common (37.7%). Preprint. I can still vividly recall when, in one of our meetings at a conference while I was an early post-doctoral fellow, I told him about some good results I had obtained using his Three Factor Eating Questionnaire (67). 2023 May 3;23(1):812. doi: 10.1186/s12889-023-15261-2. In one of the few examples of randomization to SES, albeit randomization to neighborhood SES, the Department of Housing and Urban Development's Moving to Opportunity Study provided evidence that moving from a high poverty neighborhood to a low poverty neighborhood caused lower odds of extreme obesity and having diabetes (52). doi: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e90. Professor Stunkard was also a great inspirer of others. Beginner's mind: Trying to learn something about obesity. 2023 Jul;30:100648. doi: 10.1016/j.bbih.2023.100648. Obesity and Socioeconomic Status - Home - Springer Cham (CH): Springer; 2018. Pediatrics. government site. Ludwig J, Sanbonmatsu L, Gennetian L, Adam E, Duncan GJ, Katz LF, et al. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Fryar CD, Carroll MD, Ogden CL. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Status Symbols and the Measurement of Status Perception. Albert J. Stunkard, M.D., and Thorkild I.A. Arch Intern Med. On the other hand, people who participated in activities such as watching TV, attending sporting events, and shopping had higher BMI. But in higher-income countries, individuals with higher SES may respond with healthy eating and regular exercise. Educational attainment and obesity: a systematic review. Rising social inequalities in US childhood obesity, 2003-2007. The State of Obesity 2020: Better Policies for a Healthier America - TFAH Our findings highlight common and modifiable risk factors for obesity. 8600 Rockville Pike Socioeconomic status and use of obesogenic and anti-obesity - PubMed Mitochondrial Phenotype as a Driver of the Racial Dichotomy in Obesity and Insulin Resistance. The aim of the present paper is to outline the link between socioeconomic status and obesity prevalence in adults. Online ahead of print. Vicarious Losing Increases Unhealthy Eating, but Self-Affirmation Is an Effective Remedy. Obesity disproportionately affects people with lower socioeconomic status (SES); however, it is unknown whether the use of obesogenic medications differs by SES. It has been reported that obesity is highest for middle-aged adults between the ages of 40 and 59 years at 39.5%. Goldblatt, Moore, and Stunkard published the seminal article Social Factors in Obesity (9) fifty years ago (2015) and the prevalence of overweight and obesity has dramatically increased in the US since its publication. BMC Public Health. One of the most striking facts about obesity is the powerful inverse . government site. Ljungvall Through his enthusiasm for learning and mentoring of me and many others, he answered the following question, posed by Drew Faust, current Harvard president: How do wewe who have devoted our lives to scholarship and teachinghow do we affirm and transmit the valueand the excitementof learning for its own sake to our students in a world that increasingly urges them to think of their education in instrumental terms, urges them to focus on narrowly defined achievements and material outcomes?(68). The Relationship between Certain Parental/Household Socio-Economic Characteristics and Female Adolescent Obesity in Montenegro. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal and transmitted securely. Using Explainable Artificial Intelligence to Discover Interactions in an Ecological Model for Obesity. Careers. Does the Food Stamp Program cause obesity? This study introduces the concentration index (CI) to assess socioeconomic inequality in the distribution of obesity among American adults aged 18-60 years old. The other authors declared no competing financial interests in relation to the work. 2010;16:10581060. 2015 O. LeBlanc EL, Patnode CD, Webber EM, Redmond N, Rushkin M, OConnor EA. All material appearing in this report is in the public domain and may be reproduced or copied without permission; citation as to source, however, is appreciated. The implication is that while economic development improves health, problems of malnutrition are replaced by problems of overconsumption that differentially affect SES groups, noted the authors. Biomedicines. Zhang Q and Wang Y. 1 CDC defines obesity as a body mass index equal to or greater than 30. -, Fryar C.D., Carroll M.D., Afful J. The .gov means its official. An official website of the United States government. Overweight & Obesity Statistics - NIDDK The .gov means its official. In simpler terms, a person 5 feet 4 inches tall is obese if she or he weighs 174 pounds or more; a person 5 feet 9 inches is obese if she or he weighs 203 pounds or more. Am. However, little is known about how these two factors operate together. In explaining how different sedentary activities could be associated with different weights, the authors suggested that the activities are associated with body weight through a possible common causecultural tastes that in part distinguish SES-related group membership.. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. The site is secure. Addressing socioeconomic inequalities in obesity - Home - PLOS [This manuscript reports results from a systematic review of the association between all-cause mortality and BMI categories. Waker CA, Hwang AE, Bowman-Gibson S, Chandiramani CH, Linkous B, Stone ML, Keoni CI, Kaufman MR, Brown TL. The relationship is inconsistent for men and children in developed societies. We conclude with a set of personal reflections by David Allison on the influence of Stunkard and why contemporary researchers will continue to benefit from Stunkard's beginner's mind in the complex world of obesity science. 2023 Jun 8;42(1):53. doi: 10.1186/s41043-023-00392-4. There is no significant trend between obesity and education among men. J Korean Med Sci. 1.2. 1875 Connecticut Avenue, N.W. In 1960-1962, the age adjusted prevalence of obesity and extreme obesity (body mass index; BMI (KG/M2) 40) among adults was 13.4% and 0.9%, respectively (12). The degree of socioeconomic inequality in obesity varied considerably across gender, age, and ethnic groups. 2023 May;25(5):404-415. doi: 10.1111/jch.14661. International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders. Puhl R, Brownell KD. Kranjac AW, Kranjac D, Kain ZN, Ehwerhemuepha L, Jenkins BN. Is Obesity Stigmatizing? Natl Cent Heal Stat. The site is secure. . Lancet. However, both underweight and obesity are associated with mo Suite 520 Would you like email updates of new search results? Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! This average, however, obscures racial and ethnic differences: a significant trend of decreasing obesity with increasing income is only observed in non-Hispanic whites, not Mexican-Americans or non-Hispanic blacks (31). Epub 2016 Mar 8. East Mediterr Health J. First, humans are not the only animals among whom this relationship holds. Adult Obesity Facts | Overweight & Obesity | CDC Clinicians should screen patient medications for those that may cause weight gain and increase adoption of anti-obesity medications, especially among adults living in low SES. Community-Based Survey of Healthy Eating and Active Living (CBS HEAL) A review of social attitudes toward obesity and thinness reveals values congruent with the distribution of obesity by SES in different societies. Hales C.M., Fryar C.D., Carroll M.D., Freedman D.S., Ogden C.L. Zhang N, Zhang Q. Important racial-ethnic differences in the SES-obesity association also exist among children. The cause of obesity is multifactorial and includes genetic, physiological, behavioral, sociocultural and environmental factors. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. 2023 Apr 25;9(1):4. doi: 10.1186/s40695-023-00087-0. Related population-based programs and policies are needed. Findings: Stunkard AJ, Sorensen TI. Socio-economic accounting of inequalities in excess weight: a population-based analysis. government site. This review summarizes the contemporary literature examining the efficacy of these interventions in the school and community along with an additional focus on the role of socioeconomic status in these interventions. Prevalence of overweight, obesity, and severe obesity among adults aged 20 and over: United States, 19601962 Through 20172018. Obesity Statistics in The United States - Obesity Reporter - Obesity To advance the field beyond Stunkard's initial contributions, we must improve causal inference; yet, how do we overcome the challenges of random assignment and blinded treatment? 2022 Jan;30(1):229-239. doi: 10.1002/oby.23299. Behavior Therapy of Anorexia Nervosa: Effectiveness of Activity as a Reinforcer of Weight Gain. Health Place. Several variables may mediate the influence of attitudes toward obesity and thinness among women in developed societies that result in the inverse relationship between SES and obesity. These patterns were most consistent in high-income nations such as those in western Europe. ; and Katherine M. Flegal, Ph.D. Key findings Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2008 Adult overweight and obesity were defined by using body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m)(2)) cutpoints of 25 and 30, respectively; childhood "at risk for overweight" and overweight were defined as the 85th and 95th percentiles of body mass index. 2023 May 30;23:100525. doi: 10.1016/j.lana.2023.100525. Stunkard AJ, Harris JR, Pedersen NL, McClearn GE. Introduction Socioeconomic disadvantage among children predicts a series of negative outcomes in cognition and academic achievement [ 1, 2, 3 ]. Nutr. See this image and copyright information in PMC. Neighborhood deprivation, built environment, and overweight in adolescents in the city of Oslo. In the US, research on health disparities has often focused on differences between races and ethnicities, unlike European research on health disparities, which has a longer tradition of collecting and reporting on differences in health by social class (10). Neurophenotypes of COVID-19: Risk factors and recovery outcomes. Brunello G, Fabbri D, Fort M. The Causal Effect of Education on Body Mass: Evidence from Europe. After our first meeting we would meet at conferences year after year and he would always ask me about my work, ask my opinion about his own work, propose collaborations, and encourage me and express enthusiasm for my projects. The obesity epidemic in the United States--gender, age, socioeconomic Bigger bodies: long-term trends and disparities in obesity and body-mass index among U.S. adults, 1960-2008. For instance, men with a middle-class upbringing and lifestyle were almost as likely to be obese as those brought up in working-poor households but working now in lower-status jobs. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-2008. An official website of the United States government. Nairobi, Kenya, Family Planning, Maternal and Reproductive Health, U.S. Census and the American Community Survey, Adaptive Learning and Knowledge Management, Distilling Research for Non-Technical Audiences, Policy and Advocacy Communications Training, Our Commitment to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db82.pdf, American Community Survey (ACS) Data Users Group, MOMENTUM: A Global Partnership for Health and Resilience, PACE (Policy, Advocacy, and Communication Enhanced), U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Prevalence of Obesity in the United States, 2009-2010 (Atlanta: U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012), accessed at, Fred C. Pampel, Justin T. Denney, and Patrick M. Krueger, Obesity, SES, and Economic Development: A Test of the Reversal Hypothesis,, A.K. And he is dearly missed. Conversely, within the highest and the middle tertiles of neighborhood SES, children with high household SES have significantly lower prevalence of obesity compared to children with the lowest household SES (PP: 0.09 (95%CI: 0.07, 0.11) vs 0.19 (0.16, 0.21) and (PP: 0.07 (95%CI: 0.05, 0.09) vs 0.17 (0.13, 0.21) for highest vs lowest household SES in middle and high neighborhood SES, respectively). Hence, low-SES in either variable is enough to be associated with increased prevalence of obesity. This review will argue that socioeconomic adversity is a key upstream catalyst that sets the stage for critical midstream risk factors such as family strain and dysfunction, offspring insecurity, stress, emotional turmoil, low self-esteem, and poor mental health.
Totally Weird And Funny,
7-letter Word 4th Letter T,
Articles S