College Degree Widens Gender Earnings Gap. Source: UNESCO, UIS.Stat education statistics data portal; when not available, data is sourced from United Nations Development Programme, Human Development Reports, most recent data available between 2008 and 2018. Table B2 displays the values of the weights used.44 Step 4. Earlene K.P. How can we ensure that the role of women in the workplace and in society is central to efforts to rebuild economies in the COVID-19 era, and that women do not fall further behind? The Global Gender Gap Index examines the gap between men and women across four fundamental categories (subindexes): Economic Participation and Opportunity, Educational Attainment, Health and Survival, and Political Empowerment. gap Unfortunately, women often face long-established and pervasive structural and societal barriers that could hinder them in all three of these areas. WebThe gender gap in pay fell significantly after 1980 (11, 12). A longer-term view of the countrys ability to educate women and men in equal numbers is captured through the ratio of the female literacy rate to the male literacy rate. This needs to be backed up by universal social protection Read the full interview to learn what drives gender pay gap, whos impacted and more Other voices: What is the difference between gender and sex? ILOs measure of earning corresponds to the mean of monthly earnings of all employees in nominal terms. Percentage of male/female graduates from tertiary education graduating from Information and Communication Technologies programmes. The Global Gender Gap Index rewards countries for smaller gaps in access to these resources, regardless of the overall level of resources. However, there are some customary, religious or traditional laws that discriminate against womens inheritance rights; 0.5 = Widows and daughters enjoy the same rights as widowers and sons to inherit land and non-land assets. By Carolina Arago The gender gap in pay has remained relatively stable in the United States over the past 20 years or so. Source: UNICEF, Maternal and Newborn Health Coverage Database (Last Update: August 2020). Stand With Us for Gender Equality. The views expressed in this article are those of the author alone and not the World Economic Forum. How is the world helping women bridge the gender gap? Gender gaps remain across all regions (Exhibit 1). This scale penalizes either mens advantage over women or womens advantage over men and gives the highest points to absolute equality. Achieving equality for half the worlds population is a global imperative that risks being undermined by competing priorities in a complex world and by the challenges of recovering from the pandemic. In MGIs 2015 power of parity report, we identified ten impact zones. These are the largest concentrations of gender inequality, where action to tackle gender gaps would have the most impact. WebGirls living in countries affected by conflict, for example, are 2.5 times more likely to be out of school than boys. We take stock. Proportion of unpaid work per day, % of a 24-hour day. Source: UNESCO, UIS.Stat education statistics data portal. Index measuring whether women and men have the same rights to provide testimony in court, hold public or political office in the judiciary and sue. The results are based on surveys of more than 100,000 private firms. Paid father-specific leave refers to the number of paid weeks reserved for the exclusive use of fathers, including entitlements to paid paternity leave, father quotas or periods of paid parental leave that can be used only by the father and cannot be transferred to the mother, and any weeks of paid sharable leave that must be taken by the father in order for the family to qualify for bonus weeks of parental leave. Five years ago, women generated 37 percent of global GDP despite accounting for 50 percent of the global working-age population. Firms with female top manager refers to the percentage of firms in the private sector who have females as top managers. As savers, the outlook for women is also challenging. The research found that in a best-in-region scenario in which all countries match the performance of the country in their region that has made the most progress toward gender equality, $12 trillion a year could be added to GDP in 2025. More data will be needed to ensure greater transparency and understanding of gender consequences. This is on account of the Growing automation adoption adds to the challenges that women face in the workplace. The gender gap in pay has remained relatively stable in the United States over the past 20 years or so. Once you link to another site you are subject to the policies of the new site. Proportion of a countrys working-age (1564) female population that engages actively in the labour market, either by working or looking for work. For more details, review our .chakra .wef-12jlgmc{-webkit-transition:all 0.15s ease-out;transition:all 0.15s ease-out;cursor:pointer;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none;outline:none;color:inherit;font-weight:700;}.chakra .wef-12jlgmc:hover,.chakra .wef-12jlgmc[data-hover]{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline;}.chakra .wef-12jlgmc:focus,.chakra .wef-12jlgmc[data-focus]{box-shadow:0 0 0 3px rgba(168,203,251,0.5);}privacy policy. Global Gender Gap Report 2023. Average share of gross annual wage paid. The earnings of employees relate to the gross remuneration in cash and in kind paid to employees, as a rule at regular intervals, for time worked or work done together with remuneration for time not worked, such as annual vacation, other type of paid leave or holidays. Of those women who are employed, 58 per cent are in the informal economy earning low wages and lacking social protection. The methodology used to compute this indicator is adapted from the methodology developed by the United Nations Development Programmes Human Development Report Office for computing the Gender Development Index (UNDP, 2020, page 6-7). An informal sector enterprise is (1) an unincorporated enterprise and (2) a market enterprise (i.e. If the graph does not display click here. The estimated female earned income is a proxy for how much command women have over a countrys economic resources. For every 100 men hired or promoted to manager, there are only 72 womenand only 58 black women. Women are more likely than men to be employed in professional and related occupations, according to a 2019 BLS report. Indicators related to country specific policies, rights, culture or customsfactors that we consider input or means indicators are not included in the index but are discussed further in the analytic sections of this chapter, as well as featured in the reports Economy Profiles. Official websites use .gov Gender The 2030 Agenda is clear: Gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls is a goal in itself (Sustainable Development Goal 5) as well as a catalyst for the achievement of all the other goals. Create a free account and access your personalized content collection with our latest publications and analyses. The 60th anniversary of the Equal Pay Act prompted a new analysis of the gender wage gap. While extreme poverty has declined dramatically between 1990 and 2015, across regions, poverty remains gendered. If we continue at the current pace, by 2030 nearly 2 billion (roughly half of) women and girls will still face discrimination in opportunities for public leadership. In addition, weve included the ratio of women to men in terms of years in executive office (prime minister or president) for the last 50 years. New population estimates capture improvements in the methods of estimating the U.S. population. If differences in promotion rate are aggregated across five years, this equates to a difference of one million women in leadership roles. The second choice was a one-sided scale that measures how close women are to reaching parity with men but does not reward or penalize countries for having a gender gap in the other direction. Percentage of male/female tertiary education graduates from Engineering, Manufacturing and Construction programmes. Five years later, large gender gaps remain across the world, and the early evidence suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a regressive effect on gender equality. The chart establishes that many diseases affect men and women differently. This is important progress, largely driven by feminist activism, although much more needs to be done to ensure implementation, and to provide services and access to justice for survivors. This subindex captures the gap between womens and mens current access to education through ratios of women to men in primary-, secondary- and tertiary-level education. As the impact of the Right to hold a bank account and get credit, 01 (worst). Early scholarship on the gender gap emphasized that, starting in 1980, a gap emerged in which women were more likely to vote for Democrats and men were more likely to vote for Republicans. Response to the survey question: In your country, to what extent do companies provide women with the same opportunities as men to rise to positions of leadership? 1=not at all; 7=to a great extent. Inheritance rights for daughters, 01 (worst). However, some regions have experienced declines in either gender equality in work or gender equality in society since 2015. For each case, the following scores are assigned: 0 = Women and men have the same legal rights and secure access to land assets, without legal exceptions regarding some groups of women. For plumbers the pay gap widened out to 35.7%, from 32.5% in 2019-20. A lock ( Globally, the gender gap in labour force participation among adults (25-54) has stagnated over the past 20 years. Mind the gap - Newspaper - DAWN.COM The remuneration gap is captured through a hard data indicator (ratio of estimated female-to-male earned income)38 and a qualitative indicator gathered through the World Economic Forums annual Executive Opinion Survey (wage equality for similar work).39 Finally, the gap between the advancement of women and men is captured through two hard data statistics (the ratio of women to men among legislators, senior officials and managers, and the ratio of women to men among technical and professional workers). Over the next 10 years, the global community must act with urgency and determination to accelerate progress and achieve gender equality for all women and girls everywhere. As we note in item number 6, the COVID-19 pandemic has added new urgencyand new risksto achieving the economic benefits of gender parity. Global Gender Gap Report 2021 - The World Economic Forum The Global Gender Gap Index annually benchmarks the current state and evolution of gender parity across four key dimensions (Economic Participation and Opportunity, Educational Attainment, Health and Survival, and Political Empowerment). Gender Equality Now: 7 Injustices We Need To Address Post-Pandemic Challenges and Opportunities for Population Estimates. Right to travel outside the country, 01 (worst), Index measuring whether women and men have the same rights to apply for national identity cards (if applicable) and passports and travel outside the country. In five global impact zones, gender inequality is high whether women live in an advanced or emerging economy: blocked economic potential (including womens participation in leadership positions and formal work), time spent in unpaid care work, fewer legal rights, political underrepresentation, and violence against women. In the World Economic Forums Global Gender Gap Report 2023, Pakistans ranking has improved from 145 to 142 out of 146 countries. Gender Wage Gap May Not Be Closed Until at Least The 2020 research examined a data set of more than 1,000 large companies in 15 countries and found that companies in the top quartile for gender diversity were 25 percent more likely to have above-average profitability than companies in the fourth quartile. Unpaid domestic work includes care and volunteer work and is expressed as a share of a 24-hour period. For example, within the Educational Attainment subindex, standard deviations for each of the four indicators are calculated. Wages paid during maternity/paternity leave, % annual gross wage. Customary, religious and traditional laws or practices do not discriminate against womens above legal rights; 0.25 = Women and men have the same rights to open a bank account and obtain credit at a formal financial institution to women and men, without legal exceptions regarding some groups of women. Top manager refers to the highest-ranking manager or CEO of the establishment. An analysis of funding data reveals a worrying pattern. In developed countries, women are now outperforming men academically on many dimensions. At work, they can be proactive in supporting talented women and speaking up if they see unconscious bias or microaggressions. Yes, Australias gender pay gap is closing. But todays working While in the 1990s, laws against domestic violence were uncommon, today they are in place in around three quarters of countries. Gender and health Antenatal care, at least four visits, % women 1549. Turning this around is a priority of the UN in 2020 which also marks the 25th anniversary of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action; the 20th anniversary of Security Council resolution 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security; and the 5th anniversary of the Sustainable Development Goals. With only ten years left to meet Goal 5, progress needs to accelerate. However, this does not apply to all groups of women; 0.75 = Widows or daughters do not enjoy the same rights as widowers and sons to inherit land and/or non-land assets; 1 = Widows and daughters do not enjoy the same rights as widowers and sons to inherit land and/or non-land assets. The Middle East and North Africa region experienced the biggest increase in gender equality, rising from a global GPS of 0.47 in 2015 to 0.50 in 2019. Percentage of male/female tertiary education graduates from STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) programmes. Rev. Nine out of 10 people of all genders have a bias against women, found the Gender Social Norms Index, a figure unchanged from data collected more than a decade ago. For plumbers the pay gap widened out to 35.7%, from 32.5% in 2019-20. Percentage of male/female tertiary education graduates from Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries and Veterinary programmes. Our email newsletter is sent out on the day we publish a story.
