The capital of England was moved to London from Winchester as the Palace of Westminster developed in the 12th and 13th centuries to become the permanent location of the royal court, and thus the political capital of the nation. See Climate of London for additional climate information. [9] The City of London, its ancient core and financial centre, was founded by the Romans as Londinium and retains its medieval boundaries. [111] During the Brexit referendum in 2016, the UK as a whole decided to leave the European Union, but most London constituencies voted for remaining. Few structures in central London pre-date the Great Fire of 1666, these being a few trace Roman remains, the Tower of London and a few scattered Tudor survivors in the city. [130] Police forces in London and the rest of the UK typically use the battenburg pattern (resembling a Battenberg cake) of yellow and blue retroreflective chequer-squares for their vehicles. [410], The literary centres of London have traditionally been hilly Hampstead and (since the early 20th century) Bloomsbury. [97] The Great Smog of 1952 led to the Clean Air Act 1956, which ended the "pea soup fogs" for which London had been notorious, and had earned it the nickname the "Big Smoke". England is a country located in the southern region of the United Kingdom. In 1993, remains of a Bronze Age bridge were found on the south foreshore upstream from Vauxhall Bridge. The city is the home of Andrew Lloyd Webber, whose musicals have dominated West End theatre since the late 20th century. The Greater London Built-up Area is the fourth-most populous in Europe with about 9.8million inhabitants at the 2011 census. Difference Between the UK, Great Britain, and England. [427], London is home to many museums, galleries, and other institutions, many of which are free of admission charges and are major tourist attractions as well as playing a research role. ", "London's population hits 8.6m record high", "Canary Wharf timeline: from the Thatcher years to Qatari control", "Millennium projects: 10 years of good luck", "Who runs London Find Out Who Runs London and How", "The essential guide to London local government", "London Government Directory London Borough Councils", "Local Government Financial Statistics England No.21 (2011)", "Prime Minister's Office, 10 Downing Street", "Just how practical is a traditional Bobby's helmet? [251] The London Jewish Forum was set up in 2006 in response to the growing significance of devolved London Government. [445] London is also a centre for urban music. [405] While London has been an LGBT tourism destination, after homosexuality was decriminalised in England in 1967 gay bar culture became more visible, and from the early 1970s Soho (and in particular Old Compton Street) became the centre of the London LGBT community. A net 726,000immigrants arrived there in the period 19912001. [91], London was bombed by the Germans in the First World War, and during the Second World War, the Blitz and other bombings by the German Luftwaffe killed over 30,000 Londoners, destroying large tracts of housing and other buildings across the city. By the mid-19th century, London was the leading financial centre, and at the end of the century over half the world's trade was financed in British currency. This was adapted into Latin as Londinium and borrowed into Old English. Opened in 1760 with its flagship store on Regent Street since 1881, Hamleys is the oldest toy store in the world. [293], In 2015 the top most-visited attractions in the UK were all in London. Other significant instruments are in cathedrals and major churchesthe church bells of St Clement Danes feature in the 1744 nursery rhyme "Oranges and Lemons", and the lyrics journey through churches and bells of 18th century London. Another broke into the grounds of Buckingham Palace, reportedly killing some of Queen Elizabeth II's prized pink flamingos. [406], London has been the setting for many works of literature. Distance from London, United Kingdom to France - Travelmath As a major hub of the British railway network, London's tracks also carry large amounts of freight for the other regions, such as container freight from the Channel Tunnel and English Channel ports, and nuclear waste for reprocessing at Sellafield. [171] However, the most consecutive days without rain was 73 days in the spring of 1893. Stage performances came to a halt in London when Puritan authorities shut down the theatres in the 1640s and 1650s. England Maps & Facts - World Atlas Where is London in France or England? The extended area known as the London Metropolitan Region or the London Metropolitan Agglomeration, comprises a total area of 3,236 square miles (8,382km2) has a population of 13,709,000 and a population density of 3,900 inhabitants per square mile (1,510/km2). Also, London's market-centred system (as opposed to the bank-centred one in Amsterdam) grew more dominant in the 18th century. It is inappropriate to refer to the United Kingdom as Great Britain or England; one should be specific about toponyms (place names) and utilize the correct nomenclature. The launch of a bicycle hire scheme in July 2010 was successful and generally well received. [458], London has hosted the Summer Olympics three times: in 1908, 1948, and 2012, making it the first city to host the modern Games three times. "Met Police cars to have Battenburg livery". [351] In 2003, a congestion charge was introduced to reduce traffic volumes in the city centre. [198] The density of London varies, with high employment density in the central area and Canary Wharf, high residential densities in inner London, and lower densities in Outer London. [154], Since the Victorian era the Thames has been extensively embanked, and many of its London tributaries now flow underground. [161] The wettest year on record is 1903, with a total fall of 38.1 inches (969mm) and the driest is 1921, with a total fall of 12.1 inches (308mm). In writing, "London" is occasionally contracted to "LDN". [105] Located about 2 miles (3.2 km) east of central London, the Thames Barrier was completed in the 1980s to protect London against tidal surges from the North Sea. [139], London, also known as Greater London, is one of nine regions of England and the top subdivision covering most of the city's metropolis. [282] The Port of London is the second largest in the UK, handling 45million tonnes of cargo each year. Operated by RATP Metro, Eurostar and London Underground (Tube), the France to England service departs from Chtelet and arrives in Leicester Square . London to France - 11 ways to travel via train, bus - Rome2rio High-rise development is restricted at certain sites if it would obstruct protected views of St Paul's Cathedral and other historic buildings. London ( / lndn / ( listen)) is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. [34], London is an ancient name, already attested in the first century AD, usually in the Latinised form Londinium;[35] for example, handwritten Roman tablets recovered in the city originating from AD 65/7080 include the word Londinio ('in London'). [409] Today, the annual London Pride Parade and the London Lesbian and Gay Film Festival are held in the city. William Shakespeare spent a large part of his life living and working in London; his contemporary Ben Jonson was also based there, and some of his work, most notably his play The Alchemist, was set in the city. Your flight direction from London, United Kingdom to France is South (165 degrees from North). Marble Arch and Wellington Arch, at the north and south ends of Park Lane, respectively, have royal connections, as do the Albert Memorial and Royal Albert Hall in Kensington. [148] London's status as the capital of England, and later the United Kingdom, has never been granted or confirmed by statute or in written form. Letters on the English", "2018 Global Cities Report Learning from the East: Insights from China's Urban Success", "London's core role in euros under spotlight after Brexit vote", "The London Banking Center Is Beginning to Feel Like Itself Again", "Adrian Cadbury, a leader in corporate governance, dies at 86", "London's Place in the UK Economy, 20056", "London tops world cities spending league", "London gets go ahead for new '.london' internet domain", "European Cities and Regions of the Future 2014/15", "MasterCard Intelligence | MasterCard Global Destination Cities Index Report 2015", "MasterCard 2015 Global Destination Cities Index", "London named No.1 city destination on TripAdvisor", "British Museum tops UK visitor attractions list", "London Sees Growth in Hotel Development, as New Properties Open Across Capital for 2016", "How do I find out about transport in London? [108] On 6 July 2005 London was awarded the 2012 Summer Olympics, as the first city to stage the Olympic Games three times. [234] Estimates by the Office for National Statistics indicate that the five largest foreign-born groups living in London in the period July 2009 to June 2010 were born in India, Poland, the Republic of Ireland, Bangladesh and Nigeria. [201] Nevertheless, there are a number of tall skyscrapers in central London (see Tall buildings in London), including the 95-storey Shard London Bridge, the tallest building in the United Kingdom and Western Europe. The largest cinema chain in the country, Odeon Cinemas was founded in London in 1928 by Oscar Deutsch. Two of the timbers were radiocarbon dated to 17501285 BCE. London became the main North Sea port, with migrants arriving from England and abroad. [115] The headquarters of the GLA is City Hall, Newham. People also asked [35][37], Modern scientific analyses of the name must account for the origins of the different forms found in early sources: Latin (usually Londinium), Old English (usually Lunden), and Welsh (usually Llundein), with reference to the known developments over time of sounds in those different languages. [46] The function of the mesolithic structure is unclear. South London, particularly, has a high concentration of railways as it has fewer Underground lines. London's two main opera houses are the Royal Opera House and the London Coliseum (home to the English National Opera). - Family Travel Planet Is London In France? It is geographically positioned in the Northern, Eastern, and Western hemispheres of the Earth. [209], Other mammals found in Greater London are hedgehog, brown rat, mice, rabbit, shrew, vole, and grey squirrel. [140], Forty per cent of Greater London is covered by the London post town, in which 'LONDON' forms part of postal addresses.
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